WHY ARE ELSEVIER AND SPRINGER TOO COSTLY TO PUBLISH A RESEARCH PAPER?

Elsevier and Springer, along with other major publishers like Wiley and Taylor & Francis, are known for their high publication costs. The reasons behind these high costs include: 1. Open Access (OA) Fees Many journals charge Article Processing Charges (APCs) for Open Access publications, which allow free access to all readers. These fe